Bonding In Fullerence-C60.Fullerene Ek carbon ka allotrope hai Jiska molecule carbon atoms Se bana hai jo single Aur double bonds se Judte hain aur ek band ya aadha band jaal banate hain, jisme paanch se saat atoms ke fused rings hote hain.
Molecule ek hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, ya koi aur shape aur size ka ho sakta hai. Graphene (jo graphite ke isolated atomic layers hain), jo ek flat jaal hai jisme regular hexagonal rings hote hain, is family ka ek extreme member mana ja sakta hai.
Fullerenes jinka mesh topology band hota hai unhe informally unke empirical formula Cn se denote kiya jata hai, jo aksar Cn likha jata hai, jaha n carbon atoms ki sankhya hai. Lekin kuch values of n ke liye ek se zyada isomer ho sakte hain.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
Is pariwar ka naam buckminsterfullerene (C60) ke baad rakha gaya hai, jo iska sabse famous member hai, jo ki Buckminster Fuller ke naam se rakha gaya hai.
Band fullerenes, khaas kar C60, ko informally buckyballs bhi kaha jata hai kyunki ye association football (“soccer”) ke standard ball jaise dikhte hain.
Nested band fullerenes ko bucky onions kaha gaya hai. Cylindrical fullerenes ko bhi carbon nanotubes ya buckytubes kaha jata hai.Pure ya mixed fullerenes ka bulk solid form ko fullerite kaha jata hai.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
Fullerenes ka pehle se anumaan tha, lekin unka achanak nirman 1985 mein hone ke baad hi unhe prakriti aur antariksh mein paya gaya. Fullerenes ka khoj ne carbon ke jaane waale allotropes ki sankhya ko bahut badha diya, jo pehle sirf graphite, diamond, aur amorphous carbon jaise soot aur charcoal tak seemit thi.
Un par gahri shodh ki gayi hai, unke rasayan shastra aur unke takneeki upyogon ke liye, khaas kar materials science, electronics, aur nanotechnology mein.
history
Anumaan aur seemit avlokan Icosahedral C 60H 60 pinjra 1965 mein ek sambhav topological sanrachna ke roop mein bataya gaya tha.Eiji Osawa ne 1970 mein C 60 ka astitva anumaan lagaaya tha.
Unhone dekha ki corannulene molecule ki sanrachna ek football ke aakar ka ek hissa tha, aur anumaan lagaaya ki ek poora ball aakar bhi ho sakta hai.
Japanese vaigyanik patrikaon ne unki vichar ko prakashit kiya, lekin na hi vah aur na hi uske kisi bhi anuvaad ne Europe ya Americas tak pahuncha.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
1970 mein bhi, R. W. Henson (tab UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment ke) ne C 60 ki sanrachna ka prastaav diya aur uska ek model banaya. Durbhagyavash, us samay us naye roop ke carbon ke liye saboot bahut kam the, isliye prastaav par sandeh kiya gaya, aur vah kabhi prakashit nahi hua. Iski pehchaan sirf 1999 mein hui.[11][12]
1973 mein, Henson se alag se, USSR ke ek vaigyanik samooh ne C 60 ki sthirata ka quantum-chemical vishleshan kiya aur uska electronic sanrachna ka ganna kiya. Paper 1973 mein prakashit hua,[13] lekin vaigyanik samudaay ne is siddhantik anumaan ko jyada mahatva nahi diya.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
1980 ke aaspaas, Sumio Iijima ne carbon black se C 60 ke molecule ko ek electron microscope ki tasveer se pehchana, jahaan vah ek “bucky onion” ki sanrachna wale ek kan ke beech ka hissa bana tha.[14]
1980’s mein MIT par bhi, Mildred Dresselhaus aur Morinobu Endo, T. Venkatesan ke saath milkar, graphite par lasers se hamla karne wale adhyayanon ka nirdeshan kiya, jo carbon ke atoms ke samoohon ko paida karte the, jo baad mein “fullerenes” ke roop mein pehchane jaayenge.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60.
Asli Buckminsterfullerene Bandhan Jyada Jatil Hai Buckminsterfullerene Ka Prastaavit Sanrachna Samtal Nahi Hai Molecule C₆₀ Ke Anya Sambhav Sanrachna Apni Sanrachna Aur Bandhan Ke Karan Iske Adbhut Rasayanik Aur Bhautik Gun Hain Jaise:
Kya Aap Jaante Hain? Saaransh Buckyball, Buckminsterfullerene ya C₆₀ in sabhi naam ka matlab ek hi molecule hai. Iska aakar yaad rakhna bahut aasaan hai kyunki vah football (soccer) ball jaisa dikhta hai.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60.
Agar aap asli ball ko dekhein to vahaan baarah kaale pentagons aur bees safed hexagons hain.
Ab chamde ko hata dein, lekin seams ko rakhein. Jo bachta hai vah carbon atoms ke saath vertexes hain. Unke beech nauve covalent (jo molecular bhi kaha jaata hai) bandhan hain. Zyada sahi hone ke liye vahaan saath single bandhan aur tees double bandhan hain.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
C₆₀ Ek Truncated Icosahedron Hai Jyamiti mein iska matlab hai ki vahaan baarah niyamit panchbhuj ke phalak aur bees niyamit chhahbhuj ke phalak aur bhi saath shikhar aur nauve kinare hain.
Prasiddh Geodesic dome bhi is sanrachna par aadharit hai. Iska nirmaan ek American vastukar Buckminster Fuller ne kiya tha. Aur kyunki iska aakar hamare C₆₀ ke aakar se bahut milta julta hai, isliye molecule ko uske naam par rakha gaya.
Aapko yeh bhi jaanna chahiye ki buckyball duniya ka sabse gol aur sabse samantar molecule hai. Aur yeh poorna samantarata iska sabse shreshth gun hai. In tathyon ke aadhar par hum anumaan laga sakte hain ki buckyball ek poorna gola hai.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
Asli Buckminsterfullerene Bandhan Jyada Jatil Hai Agar aap iski sanrachna ka model (Lewis electron dot sanrachna) dekhein, to aap dekh sakte hain ki sabhi carbon atoms barabar hain. Aap yeh bhi dekh sakte hain ki har carbon do hexagons aur ek pentagon ka hissa hai jisme do single bandhan aur ek double bandhan hai. Yeh carbon ka maamooli valence hai chaar.
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) Siddhant ke Anusaar, har carbon atom mein sp² hybridization hai.
Rasayan shastra mein, VSEPR siddhant ka upyog kisi vishesh molecule ki jyamiti nirdhaarit karne ke liye kiya jaata hai jo unke kendriya atoms ke aaspaas ke electron jodon ki sankhya par aadharit hai.
Bonding In Fullerence-C60
Saaransh Fullerenes aur unke vikrut roop hamari zindagi mein kaamyabi se laagu kiye ja chuke hain. Unke poore sambhav ka upyog kranti kaari hoga.
Is lekh mein Buckminsterfullerene ke bandhan prakaar ka varnan kiya gaya hai aur sambhav prakaar bhi bataye gaye hain jo ho sakte hain.
Ab aap jaante hain ki asli bandhan jyada jatil hai aur naye shodhon ke anusaar iska hybridization sp²∙³ hai.
Kya aap is baat se sehmat hain ki unke poore sambhav ka upyog kranti kaari hoga? Kya hamare aage ek ujjwal bhavishya hai ya aapko is mudde par chinta hai? Kripya sankoch na karein aur apni raay humse saajha karein.